By Bennie J. McRae, Jr.
©Copyright 1993-2008, Trotwood, Ohio
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Reaching
out to the World From |
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Welcome to
Bennie J. McRae, Jr. - Researcher and Site Manager |
"Knowledge is worthless, if it is not shared" - Tom Brooks, Historian - Gravenhurst, Ontario |
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FAMILY OF WEB SITES AND INDEX PAGES |
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RECONSTRUCTION IN
ALABAMA Alabama's First Black Lawmakers |
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MILITARY RECORDS AND VETERANS REFERENCE DESK |
THE FALLEN HEROES ABOARD THE USS COLE |
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LEST WE FORGETSeptember 11, 2001 The Pentagon Somerset County, Pennsylvania |
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THE CREW OF STS-107
LOST: SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA
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U. S. and Coalition Casualties in Iraq
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"FREEDOM FIGHTERS" UNITED STATES COLORED TROOPS"I highly recommend the best USCT sites on the web" William Gladstone, Civil War Historian"The most informative web sites on the African American experience during the Civil War" Murry Dorty, Military Historian |
A Short Course in U. S. HistoryTHIS LAND IS YOUR LAND THE MAKING OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA |
PRAYER FOR BROTHERHOOD |
The Flags |
That Ragged Old Flag |
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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH
CAROLINA DIGITAL COLLECTION http://www.sc.edu/library/digital/collections/flmovietone.html |
a symbol and guarantee of protection. Every nation and people are proud of the flag of their country. England, for a thousand years boasts her Red flag and Cross of St. George; France glories in her Tri-color and Imperial Eagle; ours the ‘Star-spangled Banner,’ far more beautiful than they - this dear old flag! - the sun in heaven never looked down on so proud a banner of beauty and glory. Men of the Black Brigade, rally around it! Assert your manhood, be loyal to duty, be obedient, hopeful, patient. Slavery will soon die; the slaveholders’ rebellion, accursed of God and man, will shortly and miserably perish. There will then be, through all the coming ages, in very truth, a land of the free - one country, one flag, one destiny. I charge you, Men of the Black Brigade of Cincinnati, remember that for you, and for me, and for your children, and your children’s children, there is but one Flag, as there is but one Bible, and one God, the Father of us all.” James Lupton, Acting Camp Commandant presenting the National flag to The Cincinnati Black Brigade September 4, 1862 |
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"What a wonderful revolution. In 1861 the Southern papers were full of advertisements for 'slaves,' but now, despite all the hindrances and 'race problems,' my people are striving to attain the full standard of all other races born in the sight of God, and in a number of instances have succeeded. Justice we ask - to be citizens of these United States, where so many of our people have shed their blood with their white comrades, that the stars and stripes should never be polluted." Susie King Taylor - 1902 |
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By Donna Halper |
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"Honor, From Civil War to Civil Rights"©
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THE SPIRIT OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS
http://www.spiritoffrederickdouglass.com
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LEST WE FORGET Supreme Court Justice Thurgood
Marshall |
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| "Thurgood Marshall was America's leading radical. He led a civil rights revolution in the 20th century that forever changed the landscape of American society. But he is the least well known of the three leading black figures of this century. Martin Luther King Jr., with his preachings of love and non-violent resistance, and Malcolm X, the fiery street preacher who advocated a bloody overthrow of the system, are both more closely associate in the popular mind and myth with the civil rights struggle. But it was Thurgood Marshall, working through the courts to eradicate the legacy of slavery and destroying the racist segregation system of Jim Crow, who had an even more profound and lasting effect on race relations than either of King or X." |
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"Marshall was nominated by President John F. Kennedy for appointment to the Second Supreme Court of Appeals in 1961. The appointment was confirmed by the Senate. President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated Marshall for appointment as Solicitor General of the United States. In August of 1965, Judge Marshall took his oath In June of 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated Judge Marshall to become an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. This nomination was indeed a historical event, Marshall became the first African-American to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Court." http://library.thinkquest.org/3337/tmarsh.html
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INDEX http://www.lwfaah.net/marshall/index.htm
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RECONSTRUCTION IN
ALABAMA Alabama's First Black Lawmakers |
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LEST WE FORGET
Judge Frank M. Johnson 1918-1999 "In 1955, President Eisenhower appointed the 37-year-old Johnson to the U.S. District Court. The next year, following the Montgomery bus boycott, he ruled against segregated city buses. In later actions, he was the first judge to order names of qualified African Americans added to county voting rolls, and he wrote the first statewide school desegregation decree. He outlawed discrimination in Alabama's libraries, transportation centers, and agricultural extension service. He placed numerous state agencies under judicial review. After brutal beatings of Freedom Riders at Montgomery's Greyhound Terminal, he temporarily restrained the city and the Klan from future wrongs against the protestors. He helped strike down literacy tests and other unfair practices when he ordered voting registrars to apply consistent standards. One of Johnson's major accomplishments was his opening of U.S. Route 80 for the Selma-to-Montgomery March." http://www.medaloffreedom.com/FrankJohnson.htm INDEX |
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LEST WE FORGET HOMER ADOLPH PLESSY |
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lest we forget " John Hurt was born in Teoc,
Mississippi in 1892 and save for some occasional trips to record when he
was a young man, rarely ever left the Carroll County region of his native
state. When he was about 9, he started playing guitar. His first one, a
"Black Annie," cost $1.50. His mother bought it for him. |
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EXHIBIT FROM AFRICA TO ETERNITY http://www.lwfaah.net/africa/afri_etr.htm
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NOTE FROM BLACK HISTORY By Earnest McBride |
| AFRICA | A HISTORY OF MY PEOPLEBy Audreye E. Johnson, Ph.D., ACSWBackground: Van Sertima found that Africans came to the Americas before Columbus. Africans sailed with Columbus who sought to sail to India. His exploration was bankrolled by Spain. This African connection was due to the Moors who, beginning in the 7th century ruled the southern part of Europe for many years. They became deeply intertwined in the culture and life of Spain and Portugal (read Shakespeare's Othello). The distance between the coasts of Europe and Africa at the Rock of Gibraltar is about six miles; swimming distance and/or gene swapping territory. The crew of the three ships under Columbus included those of African decent. Their voyage was expected to sail to India, but they landed in the Caribbean of the New World. They were found by the inhabitants whom Columbus called Indians. These Natives befriended the lost sailors/explorers. Later, Columbus, and explorers from England, France, Germany, Netherlands, Portugal, etc., arrived in North and South America including Canada. These were the initial colonizers of the New World. These countries of Europe fought each other for control of land that did not belong to them, mistreating the Native Americans who had befriended them as they claimed "squatters rights" to the land of Native American tribes. England's defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 made her a major player in the New World. This was played out in North America which became English speaking via war or land purchase. The colony of Jamestown was established in 1607, in what is now Virginia. In 1619 the English captured a Dutch ship with people of African decent and Spanish names whom they sold in Jamestown as indentured servants. This was before the Mayflower arrived in 1620 with Caucasian indentured servants; most Caucasians and those of African descent in this period came to America as indentured servants. The need for labor was the backbone of indentured servitude, but did not resolve the labor need as indentured servitude was time limited or could be terminated by paying out the contract via work or money, and a labor force was still needed. In 1624, William was born to Antoney and Isabell, the first Black child born in America; this was the beginning of the Black family. The legitimacy of the relationship is evidenced by William's birth being recorded in the Church of England in Jamestown. Getting A Work Force: Massachusetts was the first colony to legalize slavery in 1641, the majority (11) of the colonies had such laws by 1750. In 1644 indentured Africans (11) petitioned for their freedom in New Netherlands (New York), and won. They were kept as indentured servants longer than Caucasian indentured servants. On the other hand, it was Anthony Johnson (probably came as an indentured person, and prospered) who sued and won his suit against a Caucasian to retain a Black indentured servant for life (slave) in Virginia in 1653. Laws permitting slavery grew rapidly with Virginia taking the lead. Click here for complete text |
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BENNIE J. MCRAE, JR.
LWF Communications
Trotwood, Ohio
on this web site and links to other resources as an accommodation and without
charge. No representation or warranty of any kind whatsoever is made concerning
the advertised products, services or resources offered by others and made
available through this site or links provided herein. Verifying the reliability of
information and vendors obtained through this web site is solely the responsibility
of the person dealing with such vendors.
Bennie J. McRae, Jr.
LEST WE FORGET, Web Site Manager
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FAMILY OF WEB SITES AND INDEX PAGES |
Visits Since January 1, 2009
